Early tree performances, precocity and fruit quality attributes of newly introduced apricot cultivars grown under western Serbian conditions

In this work, 19 newly introduced and some traditional apricot cultivars were evaluated by 20 phenological and agronomical traits and fruit quality attributes. The results showed a wide variation in phenological data, tree vigour (TCSA), productivity [yield per tree, cumulative yield (CY) and yield efficiency (YE)], and fruit quality attributes such as fruit and stone weight, flesh/stone ratio, fruit dimensions, size, shape index, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and ripening index (RI). The average onset of blossoming varied from 16 March to 20 March, whereas harvest was between 1 June and 12 September. The most vigorous trees were ‘Ketch Pshar’. The best productivity was observed in ‘Fardao’ and the poorest in ‘Farbaly’. More apricots were relatively small to medium in fruit size, whereas ‘Candela’ had very large fruits. Most cultivars tended towards a round shape, whereas some had round/ flat and/or ovoid-shaped fruits. The highest values for SSC were observed in ‘Ketch Pshar’, ‘Candela’ and ‘Fardao’, TA in ‘Candela’ and RI in ‘Hungarian Best’. There was a medium to high correlation between yield properties, fruit and stone size and flesh/seed ratio, also between SSC versus acidity and RI. As observed by PCA, the first three components represented 74.3% of total variance (38.3%, 22.1% and 19.8% for PC1, PC2 and PC3, respectively)

Production of planting material of raspberry variety glen ample in the North Montenegro

The objective of the paper is to present the method of production, quantity, and quality of obtained planting material per unit area of continental fruit within the period of three years (2018-2020), and, in particular, the nursery of raspberry variety Glen Ample in Polimlje, Bijelo Polje municipality, northern Montenegro. The paper shows the initial condition, preparation for the formation of nurseries, production, and quality of raspberry seedlings, which are among the most important berry fruit species grown in northern Montenegro. The production of nurseries was within the limits for the production of raspberry planting material. The number of plants per square metre (m2) at the end of the season was 20.2, and 202,000 per hectare (ha). The height of the seedlings at the end of the vegetation was 1.06 m, and the diameter above the root neck was 9.5 mm. The planting material met the prescribed standards. Based on the standard, seedlings were classified into three classes, and most seedlings of class I (73%) were obtained, followed by class II (24%), while only 3% of seedlings were out of class. Raising raspberry plantations with quality planting material is one of the most important factors for intensifying the production of this type of fruit in Montenegro

Analysis of the impact of fruit growing development on the intensity of soil erosion and runoff: Case study of krusevo, bijelo polje, Montenegro

The research has been conducted to analyse the effects of land use change of the impact of fruit growing development on the intensity of soil erosion and runoff in the Study area of Krusevo, Bijelo Polje, Montenegro by using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow – IntErO model of Spalevic. The required spatial maps, land use, soil and geology were prepared and analysed in GIS environment. The climatic data such as the volume of the torrential rain, average annual air temperature and average annual precipitation were calculated based on meteorological data received from the State Hydrological Institute for the region of Bijelo Polje (Montenegro). The results of land use change between these two periods (2011-2020) shown that the forest increased in the studied region by 1.57%. Specifically, degraded forests increased by 1.02%; Well-constituted forests increased by 0.55%. For the studied area we calculated forested area on 57.26% (2011), and 58.83% (2020). The values for Meadows in the studied area decreased from 2011 to 2020 for 1.67%; and for Pastures for 1.40%. Plough-lands decreased for the observed period for 1.59%. On the other hand, the surface under the Orchards increased by 3.09%, and that represented the shift from the Meadows to the Orchards; the shift from the Pastures to the Forests. This denser vegetation at the studied region for the observed period (increase of the forests and orchards) has led to higher water infiltration rate into the soil and at the same time to decrease of the sediment yield. The value of Z coefficient of 0.462 (2011); 0.461 (2020) indicates slight decrease of erosion processes because of the fruit growing development with shifting the meadows to orchards categorising the processes to the 3rd destruction category. The strength of the erosion process is medium, and according to the erosion type, it is surface erosion. Production of erosion material in the river basin, W year, is calculated on 11327 m3year-1 for 2011; and 11278 m3 year-1 for 2020, what shown the decrease of erosion processes because of the subject fruit growing development. Coefficient of the deposit retention (sediment delivery ratio) is calculated as 0.299 what means that 30% of the total eroded material reaches to the outlet point. Real soil losses, G year, are calculated on 3392 m3 year-1 (2011), and 3377 (2020); Real soil losses per km2, G year km-2, are 262 m3 km-2 year-1 (2011), and 261 m3km-2 year-1 (2020), with the same conclusion in relation to the fruit growing initiatives and the values indicates that the river basin belongs to 5th destruction category; it is a region of very weak erosion. The results showed that the appropriate land management and planning with implementing fruit growing in this area decreases maximum flow rate and also sediment yield. The application of the IntErO model may also be further used to understand the effect of land use change with new establishing of the fruit growing in the river basins on hydrological behaviour, soil erosion and sediment yield process and can be used as a useful tool in similar for fruit growing and soil conservation research

Принос и квалитет плода новијих домаћих и иностраних сорти кајсије (Prunus armeniaca L.)

The work presents results related to the phenology of flowering and fruit maturity, initial bearing, yield and fruit quality of 18 newly-bred apricot cultivars - two domestic and 16 foreign ones compared to the ‘Hungarian Best’ (control) in the second year after planting in ecological conditions of Čačak. All the traits examined were with variable features and cultivar dependent. Although the vegetation of the year 2017 was very climatic unfavorable, a good initial bearing was observed, but also the important yield of most cultivars in the second year after planting; the highest was in cvs. ‘Farclo’, ‘Betinka’ and ‘Roxana’. The highest fruit weight had cvs. ‘Roxana’ and ‘Wonder Cot’ and the smallest ‘Fardao’ and ‘Betinka’, respectively. Fruits of cvs. ‘Kecs-psar’, ‘Candela’ and ‘Farclo’ were the richest in the soluble solids content, while the poorest were in the fruits of cv. ‘Precoce de Tyrinthe’.У раду су приказани резултати који се односе на фенологију цветања и зрења плода, иницијалну родност, принос и квалитет плода 18 новијих сорти кајсије – две домаће и 16 иностраних поређених са ‘Мађарском најбољом’ (контрола) у другој години по садњи у еколошким условима Чачка. Испитиване особине су биле варијабилног карактера и сортно зависне. Иако је вегетациона 2017. година била климатски веома неповољна, остварена је различита бујност али и значајна родност већине сорти у другој години по садњи, највећа у cvs. ‘Farclo’, ‘Betinka’ и ‘Roxana’. Највећу масу плода имале су cvs. ‘Roxana’ и ‘Wonder Cot’, а најмању ‘Fardao’ и ‘Betinka’. Плодови cvs. ‘Kecs-psar’, ‘Candela’ и ‘Farclo’ су били најбогатији у садржају растворљиве суве материје (РСМ), док су најсиромашнији били плодови cv. ‘Precoce de Tyrinthe’

Неки атрибути вегетативног раста, приноса и квалитета плода кајсије (Prunus armeniaca L.) у зависности од сорте и подлоге

From 2011 to 2016, the influence of three rootstocks (Myrobalan seedlings, St. Julien A, Pumiselect®) on the tree vigour, precocity, yield and external fruit quality (fruit and stone weight, flesh rate and fruit shape) at the three genotypes of apricot [‘Novosadska rodna’ (‘NR’), ‘NS-4’, ‘NS-6’] was investigated. Results showed that rootstocks were not affected tree growth of genotypes, but changed their yield, cumulative yield and yield efficiency, except for ‘NR’ and ‘NS-4’. Pumiselect® conditioned better values for investigated parameters in comparison with Myrobalan and St. Julien A, respectively. Differences in tree vigour and productivity parameters among genotypes were not significant. As far as the fruit physical properties, the rootstocks caused variation of their weight in all genotypes, flesh rate in ‘NR’ and ‘NS-6’ and fruit shape (sphericity) in ‘NS-4’ and ‘NS-6’. In the most cases, the fruits of genotypes on Pumiselect® and St. Julien A had higher fruit weight and flesh rate in relation to the Myrobalan. Myrobalan, partially Pumiselect®, have contributed to the increase sphericity values. The influence of rootstocks on stone weight was not significant. As for as the genotypes, they are influenced variation of fruit and stone weight, but did not affect the values of flesh rate and sphericity, respectively. 'NR' had the highest fruit weight, whereas the highest stone weight had 'NR' and ‘NS-4’. ‘NS-6’ had the lowest fruit and stone weight.У периоду од 2011. до 2016. године испитиван је утицај три подлоге (сејанац Џанарике, St. Julien A, Pumiselect®) на бујност стабла, прородевање, принос и спољашњи квалитет плода (маса плода и коштице, рандман мезокарпа и облик плода) код три генотипа кајсије [‘Новосадска родна’ (‘НР’), ‘НС-4’, ‘НС-6’]. Резултати су показали да подлоге нису утицале на бујност стабала генотипова, али су мењале њихов принос, кумулативни принос и коефицијент родности, осим код ‘НР’ и ‘НС-4’. Pumiselect® је условио боље вредности испитиваних параматера у поређењу са Џанариком и St. Julien A. Није било значајних разлика у бујности стабла и параметрима продуктивности између генотипова. Што се тиче физичких особина плода, подлоге су изазвале варирање његове масе код свих генотипова, рандмана мезокарпа код ‘НР’ и ‘НС-6’ и облика плода код ‘НС-4’ и ‘НС-6’. У већини случајева, плодови генотипова на Pumiselect® и St. Julien A су имали већу масу плода и рандман меса у односу на Џанарику. Џанарика, делимично и Pumiselect®, су утицали на повећање вредности сферичности. Утицај подлога на масу коштице није био значајан. Што се тиче генотипова, они су утицали на варирање масе плода и коштице, али нису утицали на вредности рандмана меса и сферичности. ‘НР’ је имала највећу масу плода, док су највећу масу коштице имали ‘НР’ и ‘НС-4’. ‘НС-6’ је имао најмању масу плода и коштице

Uticaj sorte i načina proređivanja plodova na prinos i krupnoću jabuke (Malus domestica Borkh.)

The aim of the research was to use in the conditions of Cacak, using a preparation for fruiting: naphthyl acetic acid amide (NAD), naphthyl ̶ 1 ac acetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and manual thinning, on three varieties of apples: Red Chief , Golden Reinders and Gloster examine their method of yield per tree (kg), yield per unit area (t ha1) and fruit mass (g). The results showed that the differences in terms of all three parameters among the tested varieties were significant and the differences between the applied treatments were also significant. The best results are achieved in variants with manual fruiting, but also with the highest labor costs, and after manual treatment with BA.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se u uslovima Čačka, primenom preparata za proređivanje plodova: amid naftil – sirćetne kiseline (NAD), naftil–1–sirćetna kiselina (NAA), benziladenin (BA) i ručnog proređivanja, na tri sorte jabuke: Red Chief, Golden Reinders i Gloster ispita njihov način delovanja na prinos po stablu (kg), prinos po jedinici površine (t ha­1) i na masu ploda (g). Rezultati su pokazali da su razlike u pogledu sva tri parametra između ispitivanih sorti bile značajne a značajne su bile i razlike između primenjenih tretmana. Najbolji rezultati su postignuti u varijanti sa ručnim proređivanjem plodova ali i sa najvećim utroškom radne snage, a nakon ručnogproređivanja najbolji rezultat je postignut tretmanom sa BA

Uticaj oprašivača na zametanje plodova sorte šljive Čačanska rana

In this paper, during a 2013 year, effects of eight pollenizers (Čačanska Rana, Boranka, Čačanska lepotica, Timočanka, Čačanska najbolja, Čačanska rodna, Mildora i Stanley) on the degree of initial and final fruit set in the plum cultivar Čačanska Rana were examined. Besides the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. The results indicated that the best final fruit set was obtained when cultivars Čačanska Rodna and Čačanska Najbolja were used as pollenizers.U radu su prikazani rezultati vezani za inicijalno i finalno zametanja plodova sorte šljive Čačanska rana u zavisnosti od primenjenog oprašivača. Ispitivanjima je obuhvaćeno sedam različitih oprašivača, varijanta samooprašivanja i varijanta slobodnog oprašivanja, kao kontrola. Cilj rada se ogleda u iznalaženju najpodesnijih oprašivača za ovu samobesplodnu sortu. Prema dobijenim rezultatima, kao najbolji oprašivači su se pokazale sorte Čačanska najbolja i Čačanska rodna

Bujnost, prinos i masa ploda šljive (P. Domestica l.) u zavisnosti od razmaka sadnje

The paper presents the results of a five year (from 2 to 6 vegetation) which compared two growth forms of plum: high density planting and classic growth forms with larger spacing. The research included three plum cultivars: Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska rodna and Stenley. All of them have been grafted on Myrobalan seedlings (P. cerasifera Ehrh.). It has been researched the effect of three variants of the growing system: high density planting, with growing form of spindle bush and forms with bigger spacing such as pyramid and a vase as a growing forms. In the plantation were applied all measures of care except of irrigation. In terms of vigor observed through the trunck cross-sectional area, during all the years of research a bigger vigour was found in trees in traditional growing systems. Generaly, the most vigorous cultivar was Stenley. The yield in the early years after planting (2-5th vegetation) was significantly higher in the cultivars grown in a dense planting. Yield efficiency was also significantly higher in high density planted cultivars. Biennial bearing index was highest at Čačanska rodna. The fruit mass of tested cultivars did not differ depending on spacing.U radu su prikazani petogodišnji rezultati (od 2. do 6. vegetacije) kojima se porede gusta sadnja šljive i klasični sistemi gajenja sa većim razmacima sadnje. Sorte na kojima su vršena istraživanja su Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska rodna i Stanley, kalemljene na sejancu džanarike (P. cerasifera Ehrh.). Ispitivan je uticaj tri varijante sistema gajenja: gusta sadnja sa uzgojnim oblikom vretenasti žbun i retka sadnja sa piramidom i vazom kao uzgojnim oblicima. U zasadu su primenjivane sve mere nege osim navodnjavanja. U pogledu bujnosti posmatrane kroz površinu poprečnog preseka debla, tokom svih godina istraživanja veća bujnost je bila kod klasičnih sistema gajenja, a od sorti najveća kod sorte Stanley. Prinos u početnim godinama po sadnji (2-5. vegetacija) je bio značajno veći kod sorti gajenih u gustoj sadnji. Koeficijent rodnosti je takođe bio značajno veći u varijanti guste sadnje. Indeks alternativne rodnosti je bio najveći kod Čačanske rodne. Masa ploda ispitivanjih sorti se nije razlikovala u zavisnosti od razmaka sadnje

Vegetativni rast, rodnost i kvalitet ploda šljive u zavisnosti od podloge

The paper examines the vegetative growth of the tree, the weight of the fruit and the content of total soluble solids (RSM) in the fruit in three cultivars of plums grafted on four rootstocks: one generative (Myrobalan seedling) and three vegetative (Pixy, St. Julien A and Ferley). The results showed that the greatest vigour of cultivars was caused by the Myrobalan seedling, and the smallest by Pixy. The weight of the fruit and the content of RSM varied depending on the cultivar and rootstock. The highest weight of the fruit at Čačanska lepotica and Čačanska najbolja was conducted on St. Julien А rootstock, while in the case of Čačanska rana, it was on Myrobalan seedling. All of three cultivars had the highest content of RSM in the fruit on Pyxi rootstock.U radu su ispititivani vegetativni rast stabla, masa ploda i sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (RSM) u plodu kod tri sorte šljive kalemljene na četiri podloge: jednoj generativnoj (Džanarika) i tri vegetativne (Pixu, St. Julien A i Ferley). Rezultati su pokazali da je najveću bujnost kod sorti izazvala Džanarika, a najmanju Pihu. Masa ploda i sadržaj RSM je varirao u zavisnosti od sorte i podloge. Najveću masu ploda Čačanska lepotica i Čačanska najbolja imale su na podlozi St. Julien A, dok je kod Čačanske rane to bilo na podlozi Džanarika. Sve tri sorte su najveći sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (RSM) u plodu imale na podlozi Pixy

Uticaj uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka na vegetativni rast, prinos i kvalitet ploda kupine (Rubus fruticosus L.)

Paper presents results of the effect of removing the first flush primocanes on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of blackberry cultivar ‘Čačanska Bestrna’. Primocanes were removed on a single (10 of May) or double (10 of May and 1 of June) occasions. Removing the first flush primocanes had impact on number of fruiting branches developed in current year on floricanes, but no on their length. It was observed that treatments with removing primocanes had significantly higher yield per bush and per unit area. Increasing of yields was ranged from 11.4% (removal of primocanes twice) to 15.1% (removal of primocanes once). Fruit weight and soluble solids content in the blackberry fruits were not significantly different under the influence of various term of the removal of the first flush of primocanes. The aforementioned pomotechnical measure has significantly influenced the properties of newly developed blackberry primocanes.U radu su prikazani rezultati uticaja uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka na vegetativni rast, prinos i kvalitet ploda kupine sorte ‘Čačanska bestrna’. Izdanci su uklanjani u jedan (10. maja) ili dva navrata (10. maja i 1. juna). Uklanjanje je uticalo na broj rodnih grančica razvijenih u tekućoj godini na dvogodišnjem izdanku kupine, ali ne i na njihovu dužinu. Prinos po žbunu i jedinici površine je bio značajno veći u varijantama uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka nego kada oni nisu uklanjani. Povećanje prinosa se kretalo od 11,4% (uklanjanje izdanaka dva puta) pa do 15,1% (uklanjanje izdanaka jednom). Masa ploda i sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije u plodovima se nisu značajno razlikovali pod uticajem različitih varijanti uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka kod kupine. Uklanjanje prvih serija izdanaka u toku vegetacije je značajno uticalo na osobine novorazvijenih izdanaka kupine